Yesterday the compound verbs I got to confirm and learn has something to do with 가 ( ka) and 와 (wa). This time its one of my overly used verb 있다 (itta) the dictionary form which means to exist, is or stays.
Just like yesterday’s lesson, it’s verb + this verb, 있어요 (isseoyo) equals resultant state. Here are some examples of compound verbs where 있어요 acts as auxiliary verb to arrive in a resultant state:
| 앉아 (anja) sit | 앉아 있어요 (anja isseoyo) | Is seated |
| 닫혀 (dachyeo) close | 닫혀 있어요 (dachyeo isseoyo) | Is closed |
| 들어 (deuro) enter or go into | 들어 있어요 (deuro isseoyo | Is contained |
| 열려 (yeollyeo) open | 열려 있어요 (yeollyeo isseoyeo) | Is open |
These compound verb expressions can be turned into negative by adding 지 않아요 (-지 않아요) to 있다 (Note: Remembering the long negatives) So the expression ‘is not seated’ will be 앉아 있지 않아요 (anja ittji anayo).
Examples in sentence use:
- 약국이 아직도 닫혀 있어요? ( Yakkuki ajikdo dachyeo isseoyo?) Is the pharmacy still closed?
- 언제 새 도서관이 열려 있어요? (Onje sae dosogwani yeollyeo isseoyo?) When is the new library open?
I love how useful the word 있다. A caution is provided in the book, it says there is a different pattern when the resultant state ha something to do with wearing. instead of the verb + 있어요, the -고 form is used + 있어요. As such to say ‘Father is wearing a necktie’ one would say 아버지가 넥타이를 매고 있으세요 (Abeojika nektaireul maego isseuseyo).
It Started with Hangul 